مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون مقدماتی پرسشنامه	پرسشنامه سیار
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Widely formalised from the 1970s-1980s	Late 2000s–2010s (accelerated with smartphone adoption, ~2007–2015)
پدیدآور	Systematic practice codified by Jean M. Converse and Stanley Presser	Emerged from web survey methodology researchers (Couper, Buskirk, Toepoel, and others)
نوع	Survey design and validation procedure	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
منبع بنیادین	Converse, J. M., & Presser, S. (1986). Survey Questions: Handcrafting the Standardized Questionnaire. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803925557	Toepoel, V., & Lugtig, P. (2014). What happens if you offer a mobile option to your web panel? Evidence from a probability-based panel of internet users. Social Science Computer Review, 32(4), 544–560.
نام‌های دیگر	pre-tested survey, survey pre-testing, questionnaire pilot study, survey field test	smartphone survey, mobile web survey, mobile questionnaire, m-survey
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	A pilot-tested survey is a structured questionnaire that has been administered to a small, representative sample before the main data-collection phase. The purpose is to detect problems with wording, response options, skip logic, or timing, allowing the researcher to refine the instrument before it reaches the full sample. Pilot testing is not a separate research design; it is a quality-assurance step embedded within survey methodology that substantially reduces measurement error.	A mobile survey is a self-report questionnaire designed and administered through smartphones or tablets, either via a mobile-optimized web browser or a dedicated app. As mobile devices became the dominant mode of internet access globally, surveys must be built for small screens, touch interaction, and variable connectivity. Mobile surveys are used across social science, public health, market research, and organizational studies when reaching respondents in their natural, everyday context is a priority.