مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون مقدماتی پرسشنامه	پیمایش حضوری
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Widely formalised from the 1970s-1980s	1930s–1940s (systematic survey era)
پدیدآور	Systematic practice codified by Jean M. Converse and Stanley Presser	Established practice formalised in survey methodology (Gallup, Likert, and others from the 1930s–1940s)
نوع	Survey design and validation procedure	Quantitative / mixed-mode data collection
منبع بنیادین	Converse, J. M., & Presser, S. (1986). Survey Questions: Handcrafting the Standardized Questionnaire. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803925557	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000
نام‌های دیگر	pre-tested survey, survey pre-testing, questionnaire pilot study, survey field test	personal interview survey, in-person survey, PAPI survey, door-to-door survey
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	A pilot-tested survey is a structured questionnaire that has been administered to a small, representative sample before the main data-collection phase. The purpose is to detect problems with wording, response options, skip logic, or timing, allowing the researcher to refine the instrument before it reaches the full sample. Pilot testing is not a separate research design; it is a quality-assurance step embedded within survey methodology that substantially reduces measurement error.	A face-to-face survey is a structured data collection method in which a trained interviewer meets respondents in person and administers a standardised questionnaire. The interviewer reads questions aloud, clarifies wording when permitted by protocol, and records answers — either on paper (PAPI) or a laptop/tablet (CAPI). This mode consistently achieves higher response rates and better data quality for complex or sensitive questionnaires than self-administered alternatives, and is the reference standard in large-scale population surveys.