مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	یادداشت‌های میدانی آزمایشی	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Field notes: early 20th century; pilot-testing protocols formalised mid-20th century	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Ethnographic tradition (Bronislaw Malinowski, Robert Emerson et al.); pilot testing practice generalised across social sciences	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206837	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	pre-validated field notes, pilot field observation notes, trial-tested observational notes	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	Pilot-tested field notes combine the classical ethnographic practice of systematic observational recording with a deliberate pre-validation phase. Before the main data collection begins, the researcher conducts one or more trial observation sessions to test and refine the note-taking protocol — assessing categories, focus areas, and recording conventions — so that the main fieldwork captures relevant data consistently and completely.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.