مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	کارآزمایی بالینی فاز III	مطالعه کوهورت
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	اپیدمیولوژی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1962 (Kefauver-Harris Amendment formalised phased drug development)	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
پدیدآور	FDA regulatory framework / ICH guidelines	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
نوع	Confirmatory randomised controlled trial	Observational longitudinal study design
منبع بنیادین	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
نام‌های دیگر	Phase 3 trial, confirmatory trial, pivotal trial, Phase III RCT	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	A Phase III clinical trial is a large-scale, confirmatory randomised controlled trial designed to establish the efficacy and safety of an intervention in the target patient population before regulatory submission. It builds on the signal identified in Phase II, tests the intervention at its proposed dose under controlled conditions, and provides the primary evidence base for marketing authorisation or guideline adoption.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.