مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس ارزش درک شده برای گردشگری	مقیاس تصویر مقصد
حوزه	مدیریت گردشگری	مدیریت گردشگری
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1988	1991
پدیدآور	Zeithaml, V. A.; Petrick, J. F.	Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B.
نوع	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire / Semantic differential scale
منبع بنیادین	Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.	Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15.
نام‌های دیگر	PVST, Tourism Perceived Value	DIS, Destination Perception Scale
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Perceived Value Scale for Tourism (PVST) measures visitors' judgments of whether tourism experiences deliver fair value—balancing perceived benefits (quality of experience, emotional satisfaction, novelty) against perceived costs (monetary price, time investment, effort). Rooted in Zeithaml's value perception theory (1988) and extended by Petrick (2002) to leisure contexts, the PVST operationalizes value as multidimensional (not price alone), capturing emotional and relative components alongside financial fairness. Value perception is a critical satisfaction driver and predictor of repeat visitation and word-of-mouth, particularly for experiences with high upfront investment and uncertain return.	The Destination Image Scale (DIS) measures how potential or actual visitors perceive and emotionally evaluate a tourism destination. Developed by Echtner & Ritchie (1991) and extended by Baloglu & Brinberg (1997), it captures both rational beliefs about destination attributes (attractions, climate, value, safety) and affective emotional responses (excitement, pleasantness, arousal). Destination image is a primary driver of visitation intention and repeat patronage, making the DIS essential for destination marketing strategy and competitive positioning.