مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ضریب همبستگی گشتاور-حاصلضرب پیرسون	ضریب همبستگی رتبه‌ای اسپیرمن
حوزه	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1895	1904
پدیدآور	Karl Pearson	Charles Spearman
نوع	Parametric correlation	Nonparametric rank-based correlation
منبع بنیادین	Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.	Spearman, C. (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things. The American Journal of Psychology, 15, 72–101.
نام‌های دیگر	pearson r, product-moment correlation, bivariate correlation, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi	Spearman's rho, Spearman rank-order correlation, Spearman Sıra Korelasyonu
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) is a parametric measure of the direction and strength of the linear association between two continuous variables. Introduced by Karl Pearson in 1895, it remains the most widely used bivariate correlation statistic in the social, health, and natural sciences. The coefficient ranges from −1 (perfect negative linear relationship) to +1 (perfect positive), with 0 indicating no linear association.	The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a nonparametric measure of the monotonic association between two variables. Introduced by Charles Spearman in 1904, it converts raw observations to ranks and measures how consistently one variable increases as the other increases, without assuming a normal distribution or a linear relationship.