مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس فعال‌سازی بیمار (PAM)	پروفایل سبک زندگی ارتقاء دهنده سلامت ۲
حوزه	رفتار سلامت	رفتار سلامت
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2004	1987
پدیدآور	Judith H. Hibbard, Jacqueline Stockard, and colleagues	Susan Noble Walker, Karen Sechrist, and Nola J. Pender
نوع	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Hibbard, J. H., Stockard, J., Mahoney, E. R., & Tusler, M. (2004). Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Services Research, 39(4), 1005-1026.	Walker, S. N., Sechrist, K. R., & Pender, N. J. (1987). The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile: development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing Research, 36(2), 76-81.
نام‌های دیگر	PAM, Patient Activation Scale	HPLP-II, HPLP
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Hibbard and colleagues (2004) to assess the degree to which patients understand their role in managing their health, have confidence in their ability to engage in self-care, and take action to manage their health and prevent disease. PAM conceptualizes patient activation as a developmental process moving through four sequential levels: Level 1 (Passive) – the patient is disengaged, lacks understanding of their role, and is unwilling to take action; Level 2 (Aware) – the patient understands their role and importance of health behaviors but lacks confidence or is uncertain about ability; Level 3 (Taking Action) – the patient is taking steps to engage in self-management but may be inconsistent or uncertain how to maintain behavior; Level 4 (Maintaining Behavior) – the patient actively maintains self-management behaviors and prevents relapse. The PAM is widely used in primary care, chronic disease management, health insurance population health programs, and health services research to identify patients at risk of poor outcomes and to evaluate interventions targeting patient engagement.	The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) is a 52-item self-report instrument developed by Walker, Sechrist, and Pender in 1987 to assess and measure health-promoting behaviors across multiple life domains. Based on Pender's Health Promotion Model, the HPLP-II evaluates six dimensions of positive health behavior: Health Responsibility, Physical Activity, Nutrition, Spiritual Growth, Interpersonal Relations, and Stress Management. Unlike disease-focused instruments, the HPLP-II captures a comprehensive picture of wellness-oriented lifestyle practices. It is widely used in nursing research, health promotion program evaluation, population health assessment, and clinical practice to identify health strengths and areas for behavior change counseling.