مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Partisan Social Identity Scale	Affective Polarization Measurement
حوزه	روان‌شناسی سیاسی	روان‌شناسی سیاسی
خانواده	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2015	2012
پدیدآور	Leonie Huddy, Lilliana Mason & Lene Aaroe; Steven Greene	Shanto Iyengar, Gaurav Sood & Yphtach Lelkes
نوع	Identity-strength scale for partisanship	Composite survey index
منبع بنیادین	Huddy, L., Mason, L., & Aaroe, L. (2015). Expressive Partisanship: Campaign Involvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity. American Political Science Review, 109(1), 1-17.	Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405-431.
نام‌های دیگر	Partisan Identity Strength Scale, Expressive Partisanship Scale, Huddy-Mason-Aaroe Partisan Identity Measure, Partisan In-Group Identification Scale	Affective Polarization Index, Partisan Affect Gap, Thermometer Difference Measure
مرتبط	3	4
خلاصه	The Partisan Social Identity Scale treats party identification as a social identity in the sense of Henri Tajfel rather than as a running tally of policy agreement. Building on Steven Greene's social-identity approach and crystallized in Huddy, Mason, and Aaroe's 2015 study of expressive partisanship, the scale adapts standard group-identification items to ask how central, important, and emotionally engaging a person's party is to their sense of self. Strongly identified partisans are shown to feel action-oriented emotions, anger when their side is threatened and enthusiasm when reassured, and to participate in campaigns more than issue-based measures of partisanship predict.	Affective polarization measurement quantifies the gap between how positively people feel toward their own political party (the in-party) and how negatively they feel toward the opposing party (the out-party). Iyengar, Sood and Lelkes (2012) showed that this affective divide has grown sharply even where issue positions have not, reframing polarization as a social-identity phenomenon of partisan like and dislike rather than ideological distance.