مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه موردی تک‌نفره مشارکتی	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Emerged as a distinct variant in the 1990s–2000s	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Draws on Robert K. Yin (case study methodology) and Kurt Lewin / Orlando Fals-Borda (participatory research tradition)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative case study design with participatory orientation	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	participatory case study, collaborative single case study, community-engaged case study, PSCS	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	A participatory single case study is a qualitative design that examines one bounded case in depth while actively involving community members, practitioners, or participants as co-researchers throughout the inquiry. It blends Yin's case study rigor — triangulated evidence, thick description of context — with participatory action research values of collaboration, equity, and action. The result is both a rich, contextual understanding of the case and a knowledge-building process that serves the people within it.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.