مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ارزیابی مشارکتی برنامه	پژوهش عملیاتی
حوزه	روش‌های میدانی	پژوهش کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1992 (formal articulation); roots in participatory action research of the 1970s–1980s	1946
پدیدآور	J. Bradley Cousins & Lorna Earl (formalization); Michael Q. Patton (utilization-focused lineage)	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
نوع	Applied evaluation approach	Method
منبع بنیادین	Cousins, J. B., & Earl, L. M. (1992). The case for participatory evaluation. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(4), 397–418.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
نام‌های دیگر	participatory evaluation, collaborative evaluation, PE, stakeholder-involved evaluation	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
مرتبط	3	1
خلاصه	Participatory program evaluation is an applied evaluation approach in which program stakeholders — staff, participants, funders, or community members — are actively involved as co-evaluators rather than passive subjects. By engaging those closest to the program in designing questions, collecting data, and interpreting findings, the approach aims to increase both the quality of the evaluation and the likelihood that findings will be understood, owned, and acted upon.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.