مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	روش تاریخ شفاهی مشارکتی	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	روش‌های میدانی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1970s–1990s (community oral history movement formalized)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Influenced by Alessandro Portelli, Sherna Berger Gluck, Paul Thompson, and development-oriented oral historians	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative participatory research	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Slim, H., & Thompson, P. (1993). Listening for a Change: Oral Testimony and Community Development. Panos Institute.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	community oral history, collaborative oral history, participatory oral history, community-based oral history	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Participatory oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which community members are not merely interview subjects but active co-investigators who help shape the research questions, conduct or co-conduct interviews, analyze narratives, and govern how the resulting record is used. Rooted in both the oral history tradition and participatory action research, it foregrounds community ownership, reciprocity, and the democratic production of historical knowledge from marginalized or underrepresented voices.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.