مقایسهٔ روشها
روشهای انتخابی خود را کنار هم مرور کنید؛ ردیفهای متفاوت برجسته شدهاند.
| قومنگاری نهادی مشارکتی× | پژوهش کنشگر مشارکتی (PAR)× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | کیفی | کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1990s–2000s | 1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s |
| پدیدآور≠ | Dorothy E. Smith (IE); participatory variant developed by Janet Rankin, Marie Campbell, and others in health and social sciences | Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative research design | Qualitative research method |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010 | Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer. link ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | participatory IE, community-based institutional ethnography, collaborative institutional ethnography | PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry |
| مرتبط | 6 | 6 |
| خلاصه≠ | Participatory Institutional Ethnography (PIE) combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with participatory research principles, positioning community members or service users as co-researchers who investigate how institutional relations, ruling texts, and organizational practices shape and often constrain their everyday lives. The approach aims both to produce knowledge about institutional coordination and to generate actionable change through collaborative inquiry. | Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
|
|