مقایسهٔ روشها
روشهای انتخابی خود را کنار هم مرور کنید؛ ردیفهای متفاوت برجسته شدهاند.
| پژوهش کنشگر مشارکتی (PAR)× | پژوهش ترکیبی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | کیفی | کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s | — |
| پدیدآور≠ | Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte | — |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative research method | Research design framework |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer. link ↗ | Creswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry | Karma Yöntem Araştırması (Mixed Methods), multi-method research, triangulation design |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow. | Mixed methods research is a systematic research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analysed within a single study. Formalised by Creswell and Plano Clark (2003, 3rd ed. 2018), it offers three principal design variants — concurrent, sequential, and transformative — and strengthens findings through triangulation across both data strands. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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