مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	شاخص استرس والدگری (PSI)	مقیاس تنهایی دی یونگ گیرفلد (DJGLS)
حوزه	روان‌شناسی اجتماعی	روان‌شناسی اجتماعی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1983	1985
پدیدآور	Richard R. Abidin	Jenny De Jong Gierveld and Fons Kamphuis
نوع	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Abidin, R. R. (1983). Parenting Stress Index: Administration, scoring, and interpretation manual. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.	De Jong Gierveld, J., & Kamphuis, F. (1985). The development of a Rasch-type loneliness scale. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9(4), 289-299.
نام‌های دیگر	PSI, Parenting Stress Index – Full Length, PSI-SF	DJGLS, De Jong-Gierveld Scale, 11-item Loneliness Scale
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	The Parenting Stress Index is the most widely used multidimensional assessment of parenting stress in mothers and fathers of children from infancy through age 10. Developed by Richard Abidin in 1983, it measures three major stress domains: parental distress (feeling overwhelmed, loss of control, role restriction), parent–child dysfunctional interaction (negative reciprocal patterns), and difficult child characteristics (behavioral and developmental challenges). The PSI has become essential in early intervention programs, family support services, and clinical evaluation of parenting difficulties.	The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is one of the most extensively used brief instruments for measuring loneliness in population surveys, clinical research, and gerontological studies. Developed by Jenny De Jong Gierveld and Fons Kamphuis in 1985, the 11-item scale (with a shorter 6-item version available) measures emotional and social dimensions of loneliness, based on the theory that loneliness arises from a discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships. The DJGLS is valued for its brevity, ease of administration, strong psychometric properties, and widespread availability in 30+ languages.