مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون علیت پنل تودا-یاماموتو	آزمون هم‌انباشتگی پنل یوهانسن
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1995 (panel extension from 2006)	2001
پدیدآور	Toda & Yamamoto (1995); extended to panel settings by Konya (2006) and others	Larsson, Lyhagen & Lothgren (building on Johansen 1988/1991)
نوع	Causality test (non-causality hypothesis)	Panel cointegration test
منبع بنیادین	Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.	Larsson, R., Lyhagen, J., & Lothgren, M. (2001). Likelihood-based cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels. Econometrics Journal, 4(1), 109–142.
نام‌های دیگر	Panel TY causality test, Toda-Yamamoto panel causality, panel modified Wald causality test, panel MWALD causality	panel Johansen test, Larsson-Lyhagen-Lothgren test, LLL panel cointegration, panel trace test
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Panel Toda-Yamamoto (PTY) causality test extends the Toda-Yamamoto modified Wald approach to panel data, allowing researchers to test Granger non-causality across multiple cross-sectional units without requiring pre-testing for cointegration or imposing a common causality direction on all units.	The Panel Johansen cointegration test extends Johansen's maximum-likelihood framework to panel data, allowing researchers to test whether multiple non-stationary variables share long-run equilibrium relationships across cross-sectional units. It pools the likelihood-ratio statistics from individual Johansen tests and compares the standardised average against a standard normal distribution, yielding greater power than single-country approaches.