مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه رویداد پانل در پژوهش آموزشی	روش تفاوت در تفاوت (Diff-in-Diff)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1993 (general method); 2000s (education applications)	1994
پدیدآور	Jacobson, LaLonde & Sullivan (1993); widely adopted in education economics from 2000s onward	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
نوع	Causal inference / panel regression	Causal inference / panel regression
منبع بنیادین	Jacobson, L. S., LaLonde, R. J., & Sullivan, D. G. (1993). Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers. American Economic Review, 83(4), 685-709.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
نام‌های دیگر	education event study, panel event-study design, education policy event study, school event study	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	The panel event study is a causal-inference design that tracks outcomes for a panel of educational units — students, teachers, schools, or districts — across relative time periods around a well-defined event such as a policy change, school reform, or staffing transition. By estimating period-by-period treatment effects, it reveals not only whether an intervention mattered but also when effects appeared and how long they persisted, making it especially valued in education economics.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.