مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Outcome Mapping	Outcome Harvesting
حوزه	Public Policy	Public Policy
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2001	2012
پدیدآور	Sarah Earl, Fred Carden & Terry Smutylo (IDRC)	Ricardo Wilson-Grau & Heather Britt
نوع	Actor-centred planning, monitoring and evaluation approach	Retrospective, outcome-led evaluation approach
منبع بنیادین	Earl, S., Carden, F., & Smutylo, T. (2001). Outcome Mapping: Building Learning and Reflection into Development Programs. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC). ISBN: 9780889369597	Wilson-Grau, R., & Britt, H. (2012). Outcome Harvesting. Cairo: Ford Foundation MENA Office (revised November 2013).
نام‌های دیگر	OM, IDRC Outcome Mapping, Behavioural Change Mapping	OH, Wilson-Grau Outcome Harvesting
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Outcome Mapping is a planning, monitoring and evaluation methodology developed by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and set out by Sarah Earl, Fred Carden and Terry Smutylo in 2001. It redefines results as changes in the behaviour, relationships, activities and actions of the people and organisations a program works with directly — its 'boundary partners' — rather than as downstream development impacts. By focusing on the behavioural changes a program can plausibly influence, Outcome Mapping addresses the attribution problem head-on and shifts evaluation toward learning and contribution.	Outcome Harvesting is a participatory evaluation approach, developed by Ricardo Wilson-Grau and Heather Britt, that identifies outcomes after they have occurred and then works backward to determine whether and how an intervention contributed to them. Instead of measuring progress against predefined targets, evaluators 'harvest' evidence of observable changes in the behaviour, relationships, actions or policies of social actors, then assess the program's contribution to each. It is designed for complex settings where cause-and-effect relationships are not fully understood in advance and outcomes cannot be specified ahead of time.