مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدل راش ترتیبی (مدل مقیاس درجه‌بندی و مدل اعتبار جزئی)	مدل راش
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1978–1982	1960
پدیدآور	David Andrich (RSM, 1978); Geoff Masters (PCM, 1982)	Georg Rasch
نوع	Item response model for ordered categories	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model
منبع بنیادین	Andrich, D. (1978). A rating formulation for ordered response categories. Psychometrika, 43(4), 561–573.	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.
نام‌های دیگر	Rating Scale Model, Partial Credit Model, RSM, PCM	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	The ordinal Rasch model extends the dichotomous Rasch framework to items with ordered response categories such as Likert-type scales. It places both persons and items on a shared interval-level metric, enabling principled measurement from ordinal data while checking whether items function consistently across all response thresholds.	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.