مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	اعتبار روایی تمایز ترتیبی	تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی ترتیبی
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1959 (concept); 2000s–2010s (ordinal adaptations)	1978–1984
پدیدآور	Campbell & Fiske (discriminant validity concept); adapted for ordinal data by subsequent psychometricians	Bengt Muthén
نوع	Validity assessment	Latent variable / dimension reduction
منبع بنیادین	Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81–105.	Flora, D. B. & Curran, P. J. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 466–491.
نام‌های دیگر	discriminant validity for ordinal data, polychoric discriminant validity, ordinal HTMT, ordinal AVE-based discriminant validity	ordinal factor analysis, polychoric EFA, categorical EFA, EFA for ordinal data
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Ordinal discriminant validity assesses whether a latent construct measured by ordinal (Likert-type) items is empirically distinct from other constructs in the same instrument. It applies polychoric correlations and ordinal-appropriate factor loadings to standard discriminant validity criteria such as the Fornell-Larcker rule and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio (HTMT), ensuring that validity conclusions are not distorted by the non-continuous nature of ordered-response data.	Ordinal exploratory factor analysis discovers latent factors underlying a set of ordinal items — typically Likert scales — by computing polychoric correlations among the items and then applying a weighted least squares estimator. It avoids the distortions that arise when continuous EFA methods are naively applied to ordered categorical responses.