مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	روش تاریخ شفاهی	پدیدارشناسی
حوزه	روش‌های میدانی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s	Early 20th century (Husserl ~1900–1913; Heidegger ~1927)
پدیدآور	Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie	Edmund Husserl (transcendental); Martin Heidegger (hermeneutic)
نوع	Qualitative historical-empirical method	Qualitative research approach
منبع بنیادین	Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960	Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957466
نام‌های دیگر	oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM	Fenomenoloji, phenomenological inquiry, phenomenological analysis
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people.	Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that investigates how participants live through and make sense of a specific experience. Rooted in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl and extended by Martin Heidegger, it aims to reveal the essential structures of lived experience rather than to measure or predict outcomes. The two most widely applied variants are Husserl's transcendental phenomenology, which seeks universal essences, and Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology, which emphasises interpretation within context.