مقایسهٔ روشها
روشهای انتخابی خود را کنار هم مرور کنید؛ ردیفهای متفاوت برجسته شدهاند.
| روش تاریخ شفاهی× | پژوهش زندگینامهای× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه≠ | روشهای میدانی | کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s | Late 19th–early 20th century (Dilthey ~1883; Thomas & Znaniecki 1918–1920) |
| پدیدآور≠ | Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie | Wilhelm Dilthey (hermeneutic foundations); Thomas & Znaniecki (sociological application); Norman Denzin (interpretive biography) |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative historical-empirical method | Qualitative research method |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960 | Denzin, N. K. (1989). Interpretive Biography. Sage Publications. link ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM | life history research, biographical method, life story research, biographical narrative inquiry |
| مرتبط | 6 | 6 |
| خلاصه≠ | The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people. | Biographical research is a qualitative method that examines individual lives in depth — through life-history interviews, personal documents, letters, and autobiographical narratives — to understand how personal experience intersects with social, historical, and cultural forces. Rooted in Wilhelm Dilthey's hermeneutics and made prominent in sociology by Thomas and Znaniecki's study of Polish immigrants, it treats the individual life story as a window onto broader social structures and processes. It belongs to the narrative inquiry subfamily alongside oral history and life-story research. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
|
|