مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس جهت‌گیری مقایسه اجتماعی آیووا-هلند	مقیاس مقایسه اجتماعی (در زمینه‌های آنلاین)
حوزه	روان‌شناسی رسانه‌های اجتماعی	روان‌شناسی رسانه‌های اجتماعی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1999	2015
پدیدآور	Frederick X. Gibbons and Bram P. Buunk	Various researchers (Vogel, Wang, Suls & Wheeler)
نوع	Self-report	Self-report
منبع بنیادین	Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142.	Wang, J. L., Wang, H. Z., Gaskin, J., & Wang, S. (2015). The role of stress and motivation in social networking sites adoption: From a perspective of uses and gratifications theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 24–32.
نام‌های دیگر	INCOM, Gibbons-Buunk	USCS, Social Comparison Orientation Online
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is an 11-item self-report scale that assesses individual differences in the tendency to engage in social comparison—comparing oneself to others on abilities, attributes, and outcomes. Developed by Gibbons and Buunk in 1999, it captures both upward comparison (to those perceived as superior) and downward comparison (to those perceived as inferior), providing a trait-like measure of this fundamental social motivation.	The Social Comparison Scale for online contexts measures the frequency and intensity with which individuals compare themselves to peers on social media platforms, with emphasis on upward comparison (to those perceived as superior in attractiveness, success, wealth). Developed and refined by researchers including Vogel and Wang in the 2010s, this scale specifically captures social media-driven comparison processes distinct from general social comparison orientation.