مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مشاهده آنلاین غیرمشارکتی	وب اسکرپینگ
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Late 1990s–2000s	Late 1990s–2000s
پدیدآور	Christine Hine; Robert Kozinets (digital/online adaptation)	Early internet practitioners; systematised in research contexts from the late 1990s onward
نوع	Qualitative data collection technique	Automated digital data collection technique
منبع بنیادین	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228	Mitchell, R. (2018). Web Scraping with Python: Collecting More Data from the Modern Web (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. ISBN: 978-1491985571
نام‌های دیگر	digital non-participant observation, passive online observation, covert online observation, online unobtrusive observation	web harvesting, screen scraping, web crawling, automated data extraction
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Online non-participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher watches and records naturally occurring behaviour in digital settings — forums, social media platforms, chat groups, comment sections, or online communities — without joining, interacting with, or disclosing their presence to participants. The approach transplants the classical non-participant observation tradition into internet-mediated spaces, enabling study of authentic discourse and interaction as it unfolds organically.	Web scraping is a computational data collection technique in which software automatically retrieves and extracts structured or semi-structured content from websites. Widely used in social science, computational linguistics, economics, and information science, it enables researchers to assemble large datasets from publicly accessible web sources — such as news archives, social media platforms, government portals, and online marketplaces — that would be impractical to collect manually.