مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری آنلاین موارد انحرافی	نمونه‌گیری موارد انحرافی
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990s–2000s (deviant case strategy); online variant ~2000s–2010s	1990
پدیدآور	Patton, M. Q. (deviant case strategy); online adaptation via web-based qualitative research practice	Michael Quinn Patton
نوع	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy (online variant)	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
منبع بنیادین	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling, deviant/extreme case strategy, pp. 231-234] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711
نام‌های دیگر	online extreme case sampling, internet-based deviant case sampling, online outlier sampling, web-based atypical case sampling	extreme case sampling, outlier sampling, negative case sampling, deviant-case selection
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Online deviant case sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately seeks out and recruits participants who represent extreme, unusual, or outlier instances of the phenomenon under study, using online channels such as forums, social media, specialist communities, or digital registries. It inherits the logic of Patton's deviant (extreme) case sampling and applies it in internet-mediated research contexts where rare or hard-to-reach atypical cases can be located more efficiently than through face-to-face methods.	Deviant case sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher intentionally selects cases that are unusual, exceptional, or markedly different from the norm — outliers, extreme successes, or conspicuous failures. The goal is not statistical representation but deep learning from cases that illuminate the boundaries of a phenomenon, challenge prevailing assumptions, or reveal processes that typical cases obscure.