مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تعداد نمونه‌های شناسایی‌شده	تحلیل سایش ناشی از کاربرد
حوزه	باستان‌شناسی	باستان‌شناسی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1971	1980
پدیدآور	R. E. Chaplin	Lawrence Keeley
نوع	Faunal quantification method	Tool function inference
منبع بنیادین	Chaplin, R. E. (1971). The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Seminar Press.	Keeley, L. H. (1980). Experimental Determination of Stone Tool Uses. University of Chicago Press.
نام‌های دیگر	NISP method, specimen count	microwear, tool use analysis
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Number of identified specimens (NISP) is a fundamental zooarchaeological method that quantifies the abundance of faunal remains by counting all identifiable bone fragments or specimens in an assemblage. Formalized by R. E. Chaplin and later refined by Donald Grayson and others, NISP is the most straightforward and widely used quantification metric in zooarchaeology. Despite its simplicity, NISP is sensitive to both cultural and taphonomic factors that affect preservation, fragmentation, and identification of bone assemblages.	Use-wear analysis (also called microwear or tool-use analysis) is a method that infers the function of stone tools from microscopic wear patterns on their cutting edges and surfaces. Pioneered by Lawrence Keeley in the 1970s-1980s, this technique examines damage patterns, polishes, and edge rounding produced as tools contact different materials during use. By analyzing these wear patterns, archaeologists can determine whether a tool was used to cut plant material, meat, bone, hide, or wood—revealing detailed information about task specialization and subsistence practices in prehistoric societies.