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NMR Spin-Echo×کوسی (COSY)×طیف‌سنجی تشدید مغناطیسی سیکلوترون تبدیل فوریه (FT-ICR)×
حوزهطیف‌سنجیطیف‌سنجیطیف‌سنجی
خانوادهProcess / pipelineProcess / pipelineProcess / pipeline
سال پیدایش195019761974
پدیدآورErwin HahnWüthrich KurtAlan Marshall
نوعSpectroscopic pulse sequenceTwo-dimensional pulse sequenceMass spectrometry technique
منبع بنیادینHahn, E. L. (1950). Spin echoes. Physical Review, 80(4), 580-594. DOI ↗Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246. DOI ↗Comisarow, M. B., & Marshall, A. G. (1974). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 25(2), 282-283. DOI ↗
نام‌های دیگرCPMG pulse sequence, spin-echo NMRCOSY NMR, 2D COSY, 1H-1H COSYFT-ICR-MS, Fourier Transform ICR, ICR mass spectrometry
مرتبط444
خلاصهThe spin-echo is a fundamental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequence technique introduced by Erwin Hahn in 1950. It uses a 90-degree radiofrequency pulse followed by a 180-degree refocusing pulse to create an echo, effectively reversing the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneities and allowing accurate measurement of spin relaxation properties. This technique is essential in modern NMR spectroscopy for both one-dimensional and multidimensional experiments.Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) is a two-dimensional NMR technique that correlates proton chemical shifts through scalar coupling (J-coupling), revealing which protons are magnetically coupled and hence bonded through multiple bonds. Developed by Aue, Bartholdi, and Ernst in 1976, COSY became one of the most important tools in structural elucidation, enabling chemists to map out proton connectivity patterns and deduce molecular topology without isotopic labeling.Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry is an advanced analytical technique that combines magnetic confinement of ions with Fourier transform data processing to achieve exceptional mass accuracy and resolution. Developed by Comisarow and Marshall in 1974, FT-ICR-MS enables the determination of exact masses and elemental compositions of complex molecules, making it invaluable for environmental chemistry, metabolomics, petroleum characterization, and structural elucidation of unknowns.
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ScholarGateمقایسهٔ روش‌ها: NMR Spin-Echo · COSY · FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry. بازیابی‌شده در 2026-06-20 از https://scholargate.app/fa/compare