مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پژوهش مقطعی چندمتغیره	پژوهش پیمایشی
حوزه	طراحی پژوهش	طراحی پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1960s–1970s (formalized with widespread multivariate methods)	Late 19th century; methodologically systematised 1940s–1960s
پدیدآور	Developed from the convergence of survey methodology (Kerlinger) and multivariate statistics (Tabachnick, Fidell)	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; systematised by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues at Columbia in the 1940s
نوع	Quantitative observational design	Quantitative (and mixed) non-experimental design
منبع بنیادین	Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of Behavioral Research (4th ed.). Harcourt College Publishers. ISBN: 978-0155078970	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000
نام‌های دیگر	multivariate survey design, multi-variable cross-sectional study, MXSR, multivariate observational study	survey methodology, questionnaire research, survey design, survey study
مرتبط	3	4
خلاصه	Multivariate cross-sectional research collects data on multiple variables from a defined population at a single point in time and uses multivariate statistical techniques — such as multiple regression, MANOVA, factor analysis, or structural equation modeling — to examine simultaneous relationships among those variables. It combines the efficiency of a cross-sectional snapshot with the analytical power to handle complex, multi-variable research questions in a single study.	Survey research is a quantitative (and sometimes mixed-methods) design in which a researcher collects standardised self-report data from a sample drawn from a defined population, using a questionnaire or structured interview. It is the dominant non-experimental strategy for describing population characteristics, estimating prevalence, mapping attitude distributions, and testing bivariate or multivariate associations across social, behavioural, and health sciences.