مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پژوهش همبستگی چندمتغیره	تحلیل مسیر
حوزه	طراحی پژوهش	آمار
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1920s–1930s (multivariate extensions); consolidated in applied social science by 1970s	1921
پدیدآور	Developed from Galton and Pearson's bivariate correlation work, extended to multivariate contexts by R.A. Fisher, Harold Hotelling, and others	Sewall Wright
نوع	Non-experimental quantitative research design	Causal / mediation model
منبع بنیادین	Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using Multivariate Statistics (7th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0134790541	Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. Journal of Agricultural Research, 20(7), 557–585.
نام‌های دیگر	multivariate correlational design, multivariate relational research, multiple-variable correlational study, multivariate associational research	PA, path coefficient analysis, observed-variable SEM, causal path modeling
مرتبط	2	5
خلاصه	Multivariate correlational research is a non-experimental quantitative design that examines the simultaneous associations among three or more variables. Rather than manipulating conditions, the researcher measures naturally occurring variables and uses techniques such as multiple regression, canonical correlation, or structural equation modeling to map the pattern and strength of their interrelationships. It is the dominant design when the goal is to understand how a set of predictors jointly relates to one or more outcome variables.	Path analysis tests a researcher-specified causal diagram among observed variables by decomposing their intercorrelations into direct effects, indirect (mediated) effects, and spurious associations. Developed by Sewall Wright in 1921, it is the observed-variable special case of structural equation modeling and remains a standard tool for theory-driven multivariate causal inference.