مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری چندمرحله‌ای	نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای متناسب
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1950s–1960s (formalized in Kish 1965 and Cochran 1977)	1950s–1960s
پدیدآور	Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran	Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran (theoretical foundations)
نوع	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
منبع بنیادین	Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471109495	Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. (Chapters 6–7 on multistage and PPS designs.) ISBN: 978-0471489009
نام‌های دیگر	multistage cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, nested sampling, hierarchical sampling	proportional PPS multistage sampling, multistage probability proportional to size sampling, proportionate multistage cluster sampling, PPS multistage sampling
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Multistage sampling is a probability-based design that selects a sample by working through two or more successive levels of a population hierarchy — for example, first selecting regions, then districts within those regions, then households within those districts. It makes large-scale surveys practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when the population is geographically dispersed, by concentrating fieldwork within a manageable number of sampled units at each stage.	Proportional multistage sampling is a probability sampling design that selects units across two or more hierarchical stages — for example, regions, then districts, then households — where the number of units drawn at each stage is proportional to the size of each higher-level unit. By weighting selection probabilities to match cluster size, it produces self-weighting samples that closely mirror the population structure and simplify variance estimation.