مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Multiple Streams Analysis	Advocacy Coalition Framework
حوزه	Public Policy	Public Policy
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1984	1993
پدیدآور	John W. Kingdon	Paul Sabatier & Hank Jenkins-Smith
نوع	Theory of agenda setting and the policy process	Theory of the policy process
منبع بنیادین	Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. New York: Longman. ISBN: 9780321121851	Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (Eds.) (1993). Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN: 9780813316499
نام‌های دیگر	MSF, Multiple Streams Framework, Kingdon Multiple Streams, Policy Windows Analysis	ACF, Sabatier-Jenkins-Smith Framework, Advocacy Coalition Approach
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) is a theory of agenda setting and policy change developed by John Kingdon in his 1984 book Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. It explains why some issues rise to prominence and some solutions are adopted while others languish, by modelling the policy process as three largely independent 'streams' — problems, policies, and politics — that flow through the system. Change becomes possible when these streams are joined together at a fleeting 'policy window', often through the efforts of a 'policy entrepreneur'. The framework emphasises ambiguity, timing and chance over orderly, rational problem-solving.	The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) is a theory of the policy process developed by Paul Sabatier and Hank Jenkins-Smith from the late 1980s and consolidated in their 1993 volume Policy Change and Learning. It explains policy stability and change over long periods by analysing competing coalitions of actors within a policy subsystem who are bound together by shared beliefs. Policy change is understood as a function of the interaction among these belief-based coalitions, the policy-oriented learning that occurs over time, and external events and shocks that can shift the balance of power among them.