مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Multiple-case design-based research	پژوهش عملیاتی
حوزه	روش‌های میدانی	پژوهش کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1992 (DBR); multiple-case variant codified through 2000s–2010s	1946
پدیدآور	Ann Brown and Allan Collins (DBR origins); multiple-case extension developed by the DBR Collective and scholars such as Jan Herrington and Thomas Reeves	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
نوع	Interventionist qualitative/mixed-methods design	Method
منبع بنیادین	Brown, A. L. (1992). Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(2), 141–178.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
نام‌های دیگر	multi-site DBR, multi-case design experiment, multiple-site design research, MCDBR	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
مرتبط	5	1
خلاصه	Multiple-case design-based research (MCDBR) is an interventionist methodology drawn from the learning sciences and education research. It extends single-site design-based research by implementing and iteratively refining an educational intervention across two or more distinct sites, contexts, or participant groups simultaneously or sequentially. The cross-case structure strengthens theoretical transferability and exposes context-dependent variations that a single site could never reveal.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.