مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مبتنی بر موارد متعدد	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مشارکتی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE foundation); multi-case application developed through 1990s–2000s	1990s–2000s
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); multi-site adaptation by IE practitioners	Dorothy E. Smith (IE); participatory variant developed by Janet Rankin, Marie Campbell, and others in health and social sciences
نوع	Qualitative multi-site research design	Qualitative research design
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105690	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010
نام‌های دیگر	multi-site institutional ethnography, comparative institutional ethnography, multi-case IE, multiple-site IE	participatory IE, community-based institutional ethnography, collaborative institutional ethnography
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Multiple case-based institutional ethnography combines Dorothy E. Smith's institutional ethnography with a multi-site case structure, enabling researchers to trace how the same ruling relations, texts, and institutional processes operate across two or more distinct organizational or community settings. By holding the analytical framework constant while varying the site, this design reveals both the trans-local reach of ruling apparatus and the locally specific ways people navigate institutional coordination.	Participatory Institutional Ethnography (PIE) combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with participatory research principles, positioning community members or service users as co-researchers who investigate how institutional relations, ruling texts, and organizational practices shape and often constrain their everyday lives. The approach aims both to produce knowledge about institutional coordination and to generate actionable change through collaborative inquiry.