مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مبتنی بر موارد متعدد	طراحی مطالعه موردی چندگانه
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE foundation); multi-case application developed through 1990s–2000s	1980s–1990s (Yin's first edition 1984; Stake's collective case study concept 1995)
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); multi-site adaptation by IE practitioners	Robert K. Yin (systematic replication logic); Robert E. Stake (naturalistic/collective case tradition)
نوع	Qualitative multi-site research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105690	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
نام‌های دیگر	multi-site institutional ethnography, comparative institutional ethnography, multi-case IE, multiple-site IE	comparative case study, multi-site case study, collective case study, cross-case analysis
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Multiple case-based institutional ethnography combines Dorothy E. Smith's institutional ethnography with a multi-site case structure, enabling researchers to trace how the same ruling relations, texts, and institutional processes operate across two or more distinct organizational or community settings. By holding the analytical framework constant while varying the site, this design reveals both the trans-local reach of ruling apparatus and the locally specific ways people navigate institutional coordination.	Multiple-case study design investigates two or more bounded real-world cases using the same research protocol, then compares findings across cases to identify patterns, contrasts, and explanatory insights that a single case could not produce. Developed primarily through Robert Yin's replication logic and Robert Stake's collective case tradition, the approach is particularly powerful when a researcher needs to determine whether a phenomenon occurs under varied conditions or to test an emerging theoretical explanation against rival contexts.