مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مبتنی بر موارد متعدد	قوم‌نگاری نهادی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE foundation); multi-case application developed through 1990s–2000s	1970s–1987 (developed through the 1970s–80s; consolidated in Smith 1987, 2005)
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); multi-site adaptation by IE practitioners	Dorothy E. Smith
نوع	Qualitative multi-site research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105690	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010
نام‌های دیگر	multi-site institutional ethnography, comparative institutional ethnography, multi-case IE, multiple-site IE	IE, sociology for people, institutional ethnographic inquiry, Smith's institutional ethnography
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Multiple case-based institutional ethnography combines Dorothy E. Smith's institutional ethnography with a multi-site case structure, enabling researchers to trace how the same ruling relations, texts, and institutional processes operate across two or more distinct organizational or community settings. By holding the analytical framework constant while varying the site, this design reveals both the trans-local reach of ruling apparatus and the locally specific ways people navigate institutional coordination.	Institutional Ethnography (IE) is a qualitative research method developed by Canadian sociologist Dorothy E. Smith that investigates how people's everyday lives are shaped and coordinated by institutional texts, rules, and relations of power. Starting from the lived experience of individuals in a particular standpoint, IE traces the social organization that governs their work and troubles — revealing how macro-level institutions operate through the micro-level activities of real people.