مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مبتنی بر موارد متعدد	قوم‌نگاری نهادی انتقادی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE foundation); multi-case application developed through 1990s–2000s	1987 (IE foundational); critical applications prominent 1990s–2000s
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); multi-site adaptation by IE practitioners	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); critical variant developed through feminist and critical scholars
نوع	Qualitative multi-site research design	Qualitative research design
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105690	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010
نام‌های دیگر	multi-site institutional ethnography, comparative institutional ethnography, multi-case IE, multiple-site IE	Critical IE, critical-IE, institutional ethnography with critical orientation, CIE
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Multiple case-based institutional ethnography combines Dorothy E. Smith's institutional ethnography with a multi-site case structure, enabling researchers to trace how the same ruling relations, texts, and institutional processes operate across two or more distinct organizational or community settings. By holding the analytical framework constant while varying the site, this design reveals both the trans-local reach of ruling apparatus and the locally specific ways people navigate institutional coordination.	Critical institutional ethnography (CIE) combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with an explicit critical theory lens to investigate how ruling relations, texts, and institutional discourses reproduce inequality and power asymmetries. Starting from the lived experiences of people positioned within or subordinated by institutions, CIE traces how abstract institutional processes coordinate everyday life and subjects those processes to normative critique aimed at social transformation.