مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نظریه داده‌بنیاد مبتنی بر مطالعات موردی متعدد	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1980s–1990s (integrative development)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Synthesised from Kathleen Eisenhardt (multiple-case logic) and Barney Glaser & Anselm Strauss (grounded theory)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative research design combining case study and grounded theory	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	multi-case grounded theory, MCGT, comparative case grounded theory, cross-case grounded theory	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Multiple case-based grounded theory is a qualitative research design that embeds grounded theory's inductive coding logic inside a structured multiple-case framework. Rather than generating theory from a single site or interview pool, researchers iteratively collect and analyze data across two or more purposefully selected cases, using constant comparison both within and across cases until theoretical saturation is reached. The result is a substantive theory grounded in rich, cross-site empirical evidence.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.