مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه موردی چندگانه	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1984 (Yin); 2006 (Stake's collective case study formalization)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake (parallel traditions)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	multiple-case design, collective case study, multi-site case study, multi-case study	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	A multiple case study (also called a multiple-case design or collective case study) is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded cases are examined together to pursue a common research question. By studying several instances of a phenomenon in parallel, the researcher can compare patterns, identify convergences and divergences, and build more robust, transferable conclusions than a single case could support. The design draws principally from Robert Yin's case-study methodology and Robert Stake's collective case study tradition.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.