مقایسهٔ روشها
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| Multilevel Scale Development× | توسعه مقیاس× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانسنجی | روانسنجی |
| خانواده | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1990s–2000s | 1991–1995 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Raudenbush, Bryk, Hox and colleagues | Multiple contributors; codified by Robert DeVellis and Lee Anna Clark & David Watson |
| نوع≠ | Hierarchical measurement / scale construction | Multi-step methodological framework |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728462 | DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1506341569 |
| نامهای دیگر | multilevel measurement modeling, hierarchical scale development, MLSEM scale construction, nested data scale development | questionnaire construction, instrument development, measurement scale construction, psychometric scale building |
| مرتبط | 5 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | Multilevel scale development constructs and validates measurement instruments for data collected from individuals nested within higher-level units such as classrooms, organizations, or clinics. It partitions item variance into within-group and between-group components, ensuring that reliability and factor structure are evaluated at both levels simultaneously. | Scale development is a structured, multi-step process for creating psychometrically sound measurement instruments that capture latent psychological constructs. It encompasses construct definition, item generation, expert review, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability estimation, and validity evidence collection — producing a final set of items suitable for quantitative research. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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