مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	طراحی روش‌های ترکیبی چندسطحی	طرح روش تحقیق ترکیبی توالی‌گرا تبیینی
حوزه	طراحی پژوهش	طراحی پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Late 1990s–2000s	2007 (formalized in Creswell & Plano Clark's mixed methods typology)
پدیدآور	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
نوع	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
منبع بنیادین	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379
نام‌های دیگر	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods	explanatory sequential design, QUAN → qual design, two-phase explanatory design, sequential explanatory design
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.	The explanatory sequential mixed methods design is a two-phase research approach in which a quantitative study is conducted first, and qualitative data are then collected specifically to help explain or elaborate the initial quantitative results. The quantitative phase carries greater priority; the qualitative phase is purposefully built around the findings — such as surprising results, outliers, or statistically significant relationships — that need deeper interpretation.