مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه مورد-شاهدی چندمرکزی	مطالعه موردی-شاهدی فراتحلیلی
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	اپیدمیولوژی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Mid-20th century; multicenter framework formalised 1970s–1980s	1980s–2000 (formalized with MOOSE reporting guidelines in 2000)
پدیدآور	Epidemiology convention; seminal statistical framework by Breslow & Day (IARC, 1980)	Systematic development attributed to multiple epidemiologists; MOOSE guidelines formalized by Stroup et al.
نوع	Observational analytical epidemiological design	Observational study synthesis
منبع بنیادین	Breslow, N. E., & Day, N. E. (1980). Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume I: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. IARC Scientific Publications No. 32. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon. ISBN: 978-9283211327	Shapiro, S. (1994). Meta-analysis/Shmeta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 140(9), 771-778.
نام‌های دیگر	multisite case-control study, collaborative case-control study, pooled case-control study, multi-institutional case-control study	pooled case-control analysis, case-control meta-analysis, meta-analytic case-control design, systematic pooled case-control
مرتبط	6	4
خلاصه	A multicenter case-control study is an observational design that identifies individuals who have developed a disease (cases) and disease-free comparators (controls) across two or more study sites simultaneously. By pooling recruitment across hospitals, clinics, or geographic regions, the design achieves larger sample sizes, captures exposure variability over broader populations, and improves the statistical power needed to detect modest odds ratios for rare or heterogeneous diseases.	A meta-analytic case-control study systematically identifies, critically appraises, and quantitatively synthesizes data from multiple independent case-control studies examining the same exposure-disease relationship. By pooling odds ratios across studies, it yields a more precise and generalizable estimate of association than any single study can provide, while formally quantifying heterogeneity across populations, settings, and study periods.