مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدل بقای چندحالته	مدل پارامتریک انعطاف‌پذیر بقا (رویستون-پارمار)
حوزه	تحلیل بقا	تحلیل بقا
خانواده	Survival analysis	Survival analysis
سال پیدایش	1978	2002
پدیدآور	Andersen, P.K. & Keiding, N. (foundational framework); popularised by Putter, Fiocco & Geskus (2007)	Royston, P. & Parmar, M.K.B.
نوع	Semi-parametric hazard model	Parametric survival regression model
منبع بنیادین	Putter, H., Fiocco, M. & Geskus, R.B. (2007). Tutorial in Biostatistics: Competing Risks and Multi-State Models. Statistics in Medicine, 26(11), 2389–2430.	Royston, P. & Parmar, M.K.B. (2002). Flexible Parametric Proportional-Hazards and Proportional-Odds Models for Censored Survival Data, with Application to Prognostic Modelling and Estimation of Treatment Effects. Statistics in Medicine, 21(15), 2175–2197.
نام‌های دیگر	illness-death model, multi-state transition model, Çok Durumlu Model (Multi-State / Illness-Death)	flexible parametric model, restricted cubic spline survival model, stpm2, Esnek Parametrik Survival Modeli (Royston-Parmar)
مرتبط	4	8
خلاصه	The multi-state model is a generalised survival framework, formalised in the work of Andersen and Keiding and brought to wide biostatistical practice by Putter, Fiocco and Geskus (2007), that models individuals moving through multiple distinct health states — for example, healthy, ill and dead — over time. A separate hazard function is estimated for each possible transition, and transition probabilities are recovered via the product-integral of the cumulative transition intensities.	The Royston-Parmar model, introduced by Royston and Parmar in 2002, is a modern parametric approach to survival analysis that replaces the rigid distributional assumptions of classical models with a restricted cubic spline fitted to the log-cumulative-hazard scale. It combines the interpretability of a fully parametric model with the flexibility to capture non-standard hazard shapes, and it supports proportional-hazards, accelerated failure-time, and proportional-odds link functions.