مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مشاهده مشارکتی چندمنبعی× | پژوهش مطالعه موردی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه≠ | روششناسی پیمایش | کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1980s (building on early 20th-century fieldwork traditions) | 1984 (seminal codification) |
| پدیدآور≠ | Developed from classical participant observation traditions (Bronislaw Malinowski, Chicago School); multi-source extension codified by Hammersley & Atkinson and Spradley | Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984) |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative data collection technique | Qualitative research design |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030445019 | Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | multi-site participant observation, triangulated participant observation, multi-vantage participant observation, MSPO | Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology |
| مرتبط≠ | 3 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | Multi-source participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher is embedded within a social setting and systematically gathers observational data from multiple vantage points, sites, or informant roles simultaneously. By triangulating across sources, the method strengthens credibility and provides a richer, more complete picture of social phenomena than single-site observation alone. | Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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