مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری موردی تیپیک در سطوح چندگانه	نمونه‌گیری هدفمند
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990s–2000s	Formalized ~1980–1990
پدیدآور	Draws on Patton (typical case sampling) and multilevel research traditions (Hox, Raudenbush)	Michael Quinn Patton (systematic articulation); roots in early qualitative inquiry
نوع	Purposive sampling strategy	Non-probability sampling strategy
منبع بنیادین	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0803937796
نام‌های دیگر	multilevel typical case selection, hierarchical typical case sampling, nested typical case sampling	judgmental sampling, selective sampling, criterion-based sampling, purposeful sampling
مرتبط	6	4
خلاصه	Multi-level typical case sampling is a purposive strategy that selects representative, average-profile units at each level of a hierarchical structure — for example, typical classrooms within typical schools, or typical employees within typical departments. It is used when the research goal is to describe or illustrate the ordinary functioning of a nested phenomenon rather than to capture its extremes or full variation.	Purposive sampling is a non-probability strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects participants, documents, or cases that are information-rich with respect to the research question. Rather than drawing units at random, the researcher applies explicit criteria aligned with the study's purpose, maximising the depth and relevance of the data collected. It is the default sampling logic in most qualitative research designs and is also used in mixed-methods and applied evaluative work.