مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ارزیابی اعتبار تمایز چندگروهی	اعتبار تمایز
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1981 (foundational criterion); multi-group extension 1990s–2000s	1959
پدیدآور	Fornell & Larcker (for the AVE-based criterion); extended to multi-group settings by the SEM invariance literature	Donald T. Campbell and Donald W. Fiske
نوع	Validity assessment / model comparison	Validity evidence / psychometric evaluation
منبع بنیادین	Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.	Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81–105.
نام‌های دیگر	cross-group discriminant validity, multi-sample discriminant validity, MGDV, discriminant validity across groups	discriminant validity evidence, divergent validity, DV, AVE-based discriminant validity
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Multi-group discriminant validity assessment tests whether constructs measured by a scale are empirically distinct not just in one sample but consistently across two or more groups (e.g., cultures, genders, age cohorts). It extends standard discriminant validity criteria — such as the AVE rule and the HTMT ratio — into a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis framework to verify that conceptual distinctness is replicable across subpopulations.	Discriminant validity is evidence that a latent construct is empirically distinct from other constructs it should differ from. Originating in Campbell and Fiske's multitrait-multimethod framework (1959), it is a core component of construct validity and a mandatory check in scale development and structural equation modeling.