مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ارزیابی اعتبار تمایز چندگروهی	روایی سازه
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1981 (foundational criterion); multi-group extension 1990s–2000s	1955
پدیدآور	Fornell & Larcker (for the AVE-based criterion); extended to multi-group settings by the SEM invariance literature	Lee J. Cronbach & Paul E. Meehl
نوع	Validity assessment / model comparison	Validity evaluation framework
منبع بنیادین	Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.	Cronbach, L. J. & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281–302.
نام‌های دیگر	cross-group discriminant validity, multi-sample discriminant validity, MGDV, discriminant validity across groups	construct validation, factorial validity, nomological validity evidence, validity of interpretation
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Multi-group discriminant validity assessment tests whether constructs measured by a scale are empirically distinct not just in one sample but consistently across two or more groups (e.g., cultures, genders, age cohorts). It extends standard discriminant validity criteria — such as the AVE rule and the HTMT ratio — into a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis framework to verify that conceptual distinctness is replicable across subpopulations.	Construct validity is the degree to which a test or scale actually measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure. Introduced by Cronbach and Meehl in 1955, it is the central validity concern in psychological and educational measurement, evaluated by accumulating multiple lines of empirical and logical evidence rather than by any single statistical test.