مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	روایی همگرا چندگروهی	آزمون ناوردایی اندازه‌گیری چندگروهی
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1981 / 2000	1971–1993
پدیدآور	Fornell & Larcker (convergent validity criteria); Vandenberg & Lance (multi-group extension)	Jöreskog, K. G. (1971); Meredith, W. (1993)
نوع	Validity assessment procedure	Model comparison / hypothesis testing
منبع بنیادین	Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.	Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
نام‌های دیگر	cross-group convergent validity, multi-sample convergent validity, MGCFA convergent validity, AVE across groups	measurement invariance, factorial invariance, cross-group invariance, MI testing
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Multi-group convergent validity examines whether items purported to measure the same latent construct relate strongly to that construct consistently across distinct subgroups such as demographic categories, cultures, or experimental conditions. It extends single-sample convergent validity checks into a comparative multi-group confirmatory factor analysis framework.	Multi-group measurement invariance testing examines whether a latent construct is measured in the same way across two or more distinct groups — such as cultures, genders, or age cohorts. It is a prerequisite for meaningful group comparisons of latent means or relationships, ensuring that observed score differences reflect true differences rather than measurement artifacts.