مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه فراتحلیلی فاز چهارم	تحلیل فراتحلیل شبکه‌ای (Network Meta-Analysis)
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	ترکیب شواهد
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990s–2000s (formalised as regulatory requirement context grew)	2002
پدیدآور	Developed through the convergence of meta-analytic methods (Glass, 1976; Hedges & Olkin, 1985) and post-marketing pharmacoepidemiology frameworks	Lumley (2002)
نوع	Evidence synthesis applied to post-marketing observational and trial data	Method
منبع بنیادین	Sutton, A. J., Abrams, K. R., Jones, D. R., Sheldon, T. A., & Song, F. (2000). Methods for Meta-Analysis in Medical Research. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471490661	Lumley, T. (2002). Network meta-analysis for indirect treatment comparisons. Statistics in Medicine, 21(16), 2313–2324.
نام‌های دیگر	Phase IV meta-analysis, post-marketing meta-analysis, pharmacoepidemiologic meta-analysis, post-approval systematic review and meta-analysis	Mixed Treatment Comparison, MTC, Indirect Comparison Meta-Analysis
مرتبط	3	1
خلاصه	A meta-analytic Phase IV study pools and quantitatively synthesises data from multiple Phase IV (post-marketing) sources — including observational cohorts, registries, spontaneous adverse-event databases, and post-approval randomised trials — to produce a single, more precise estimate of a drug or device's real-world effectiveness, safety, or utilisation pattern. By applying meta-analytic weighting to heterogeneous post-marketing evidence, it bridges the gap between tightly controlled pre-approval trials and the complexity of routine clinical practice.	Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a systematic method for comparing multiple interventions simultaneously within a single analytical framework, incorporating both direct evidence (head-to-head trials) and indirect evidence (comparisons via common comparators). First formalized by Lumley in 2002, NMA allows researchers to rank treatments and quantify comparative effectiveness even when some treatment pairs have never been directly studied.