مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Gain-Loss Message Framing Analysis	Framing Analysis
حوزه	Communication	Communication
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1997	1993
پدیدآور	Rothman & Salovey (health framing synthesis); roots in Kahneman & Tversky	Robert M. Entman (synthesis); roots in Goffman, Tuchman, Gitlin
نوع	Experiment comparing gain- versus loss-framed persuasive messages	Interpretive-quantitative analysis of how messages select and emphasize aspects of reality
منبع بنیادین	Rothman, A. J., & Salovey, P. (1997). Shaping perceptions to motivate healthy behavior: The role of message framing. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 3–19.	Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
نام‌های دیگر	Message framing analysis, Gain-loss framing study, Valence framing experiment, Kazanç-Kayıp Mesaj Çerçeveleme Analizi	Frame analysis, Media framing analysis method, Frame mapping, Çerçeveleme Analizi
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	Gain-loss message framing analysis is an experimental method for testing whether a persuasive appeal works better when it stresses the benefits of acting (gain frame) or the costs of not acting (loss frame). Grounded in prospect theory and synthesized for health communication by Rothman and Salovey, it predicts that loss frames are more persuasive for risky detection behaviors while gain frames win for safe prevention behaviors.	Framing analysis is a communication research method for studying how messages select certain aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient — promoting a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Building on Robert Entman's influential 1993 synthesis, it moves beyond counting what is present to reconstructing the organizing ideas, or frames, that give media coverage its meaning and persuasive shape.