مقایسهٔ روشها
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| پرسشنامه سرسختی ذهنی (MTQ48)× | فرهنگ اعتماد به نفس ورزشی (SCI)× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانشناسی ورزشی | روانشناسی ورزشی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 2002 | 1986 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell | Robin Vealey |
| نوع≠ | Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire | Self-report sport-specific confidence trait questionnaire |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187. link ↗ | Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 221–246. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs | SCI, Trait Sport Confidence |
| مرتبط | 4 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience. | The SCI is a 13-item questionnaire measuring general, trait-level confidence in sport ability—the athlete's habitual belief in their capability to execute skills and perform well in their sport. Developed by Vealey in 1986, the SCI is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing athlete self-confidence and predicting competitive success and psychological wellbeing. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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