مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Media System Dependency Analysis	Uses and Gratifications Survey
حوزه	Communication	Communication
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1976	1973
پدیدآور	Sandra Ball-Rokeach & Melvin DeFleur	Elihu Katz, Jay Blumler & Michael Gurevitch
نوع	Survey approach to audience reliance on media to meet goals	Audience-centered survey approach to media motivations and rewards
منبع بنیادین	Ball-Rokeach, S. J., & DeFleur, M. L. (1976). A dependency model of mass-media effects. Communication Research, 3(1), 3–21.	Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523.
نام‌های دیگر	Media dependency analysis, MSD analysis, Dependency theory measurement, Medya Bağımlılığı Analizi	U&G survey, Gratifications sought and obtained survey, Media gratifications measurement, Kullanımlar ve Doyumlar Anketi
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Media system dependency analysis operationalizes Ball-Rokeach and DeFleur's 1976 theory that media effects are strongest when individuals depend heavily on the media system to attain personal goals — understanding their world, orienting their actions, and finding diversion. The method surveys the intensity of these dependency relations and relates them to cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects of media.	The uses and gratifications survey is the dominant audience-centered method in communication research, asking not what media do to people but what people do with media. Codified by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch in 1973, it treats audiences as active agents who select media to satisfy social and psychological needs, and it measures those motives and the rewards obtained through structured self-report scales.